Speak to Your Doctor if You Experience These Symptoms
Identifying the early signs of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment. Below are some of the most common symptoms, starting with throat inflammation.
1. Throat Inflammation
Throat inflammation is one of the earliest and most noticeable symptoms of EoE. The buildup of eosinophils in the esophageal lining causes chronic irritation, leading to swelling, redness and discomfort in the throat. People with EoE often describe a persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing or the feeling of a lump stuck in their throat (globus sensation). In severe cases, inflammation can worsen to the point where food becomes difficult to pass through the esophagus.
2. Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia)
Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is another hallmark symptom of EoE. As the inflammation progresses, the esophagus may narrow or develop strictures, making it hard for food to pass down. Patients may experience a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest, especially when eating solid foods like meat, bread or raw vegetables. Over time, this difficulty can lead to fear of eating and weight loss.
3. Food Impaction
Food impaction occurs when food becomes lodged in the esophagus and cannot pass through. This symptom is particularly common in adults with untreated EoE and often requires medical intervention, such as an endoscopic procedure, to remove the blockage. Food impaction can be both painful and frightening, and it is a clear indicator of esophageal narrowing due to chronic inflammation.
4. Chest Pain
Chest pain related to EoE can mimic symptoms of heartburn or even a heart attack. Unlike acid reflux, chest pain from EoE is caused by inflammation and esophageal spasms rather than stomach acid. The pain may worsen after eating or during episodes of dysphagia, making it essential to differentiate EoE from other conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
5. Acid Reflux-Like Symptoms
Many individuals with EoE experience symptoms that closely resemble acid reflux, such as heartburn, regurgitation and a sour taste in the mouth. However, these symptoms don't improve with standard acid-reducing medications like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which is a distinguishing factor between EoE and GERD.
6. Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting are common in children with EoE, although they can also occur in adults. Chronic inflammation in the esophagus can disrupt the normal movement of food, leading to nausea, regurgitation and occasional vomiting. These symptoms may be triggered by certain foods, particularly those that cause allergic reactions in individuals with EoE.
7. Poor Appetite and Weight Loss
Due to the discomfort associated with eating, individuals with EoE often develop poor appetites. Children may exhibit picky eating habits or refuse food altogether, which can lead to malnutrition and failure to thrive. Adults may also experience unintentional weight loss as they avoid certain foods to prevent painful symptoms like dysphagia and food impaction.
8. Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain, particularly in the upper stomach, is another symptom of EoE. This pain is often mistaken for other gastrointestinal issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or acid reflux. It may occur after meals or during episodes of esophageal spasms and is frequently accompanied by bloating.
9. Coughing and Throat Clearing
Chronic coughing and frequent throat clearing are common symptoms of EoE, especially in individuals with allergies or asthma. The inflammation and irritation of the esophagus can trigger a persistent cough or the urge to clear the throat, particularly after eating.
10. Fatigue
Chronic inflammation and poor nutritional intake due to EoE can lead to fatigue and low energy levels. People with EoE often feel physically drained, particularly if they struggle to consume adequate calories or essential nutrients. The constant discomfort and disrupted eating habits can further contribute to overall weakness.
Read on to learn about foods to avoid eating with eosinophilic esophagitis.